Iitumato ezikhuliswe kwigreenhouse ziyanda kakhulu—yaye ngesizathu esivakalayo. Ngokuseta okufanelekileyo, ungonwabela izivuno eziphezulu, amaxesha okuvuna amade, kunye nomgangatho ongaguqukiyo, nokuba imozulu injani na ngaphandle.
Kodwa ukhetha njani uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwetamatato? Loluphi uyilo lwegreenhouse olusebenza kakuhle? Ulwa njani nezinambuzane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kakhulu imichiza? Kwaye uzigcina njani iitumato zintsha ixesha elide emva kokuvuna?
Esi sikhokelo sibandakanya yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokulima kwetomato eluhlaza ngo-2024-ukusuka kukhetho olwahlukeneyo ukuya kuyilo lwesakhiwo esilumkileyo, ulawulo lwezinambuzane, kunye nokuphatha emva kokuvunwa.
1. Qala ngeNgcaciso yeTomato eLungileyo
Ukukhetha uhlobo olululo ngundoqo kwisityalo esinemveliso nesimelana nezifo.
Kwiitumato ezinkulu ezibomvu ezinezivuno eziqinileyo, iHongyun No.1 ivelisa malunga neetoni ezili-12 ngehektare nganye kwaye ineziqhamo eziqinileyo. IJiahong F1 iqhuba kakuhle kumiselo olungenamhlaba olufana ne-coco peat kunye ne-rockwool, ifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-9 kg nge-square meter nganye.
Kwiimozulu ezitshisayo, uxhathiso lwentsholongwane lubalulekile. Iindidi zeTY ziyaziwa ngokuxhathisa iTYLCV (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus), enceda ekunciphiseni ilahleko. Kwiitumato ezincinci, eziswiti zecherry ezinemibala eqaqambileyo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lemarike, iintlobo zeJinmali zilukhetho oluhle kakhulu.
2. Imiba yoYilo: I-Greenhouse yakho yenza umahluko
Uyilo oluhle lwe-greenhouse lukunceda ukulawula ubushushu, ukufuma, kunye nokukhanya-izinto ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhula kwetamatato.
Ukusebenzisa ifilimu yokukhanya esasaziweyo okanye iglasi ebonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kwandisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya, okukhokelela kwiziqhamo ezifanayo kunye nezityalo eziphilileyo. Kwiindawo zokuhlala zale mihla, ukutshintshela kwiglasi esasaziweyo kubonise uphuculo olukhulu kwisivuno kunye nobungakanani beziqhamo.
Ukulawula amaqondo obushushu, iifeni kunye neendonga ezimanzi zinokugcina amaqondo obushushu ehlotyeni malunga ne-28°C (82°F), zinciphisa ukuhla kweentyatyambo. Ebusika, izivuthelo zomoya oshushu okanye iimpompo zobushushu zomthombo womoya zigcina ubushushu buzinzile ngaphezu kwe-15°C (59°F), zithintela uxinzelelo lwengqele.
Ukulawula ukufuma kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Iifeni ezixhonywe phezulu ezineenkqubo zokudumba zinceda ukunciphisa izifo ezifana nokungunda okungwevu kunye nokungunda kwamagqabi ngokugcina umoya ulungelelene.
Ulwakhiwo olwahlukileyo lufanele imimandla eyahlukeneyo:
-Izindlu zogcino lwezityalo ezinesitayile seGothic zilungele iindawo ezibandayo, ezinomoya ngenxa yokutsala amanzi aqinileyo kunye nokumelana nomthwalo wekhephu.
-Iiglasi zeVenlo greenhouses zilungile kwi-automation kunye nokukhula kobuchwephesha.
- Iindawo zokuhlala zeplastiki ezinamaxesha amaninzi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe ashushu okanye asaphuhlayo ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokusekwa okuguquguqukayo.
I-Chengfei Greenhouse, engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-28 yamava, ibonelela ngezisombululo ezilungiselelwe i-greenhouse yezityalo ezahlukeneyo, imozulu kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Iqela labo liyakuxhasa ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kwinkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zokugcina izityalo ezisebenzayo, ezinemveliso kubalimi kwihlabathi liphela.
3. ULawulo lweZitshabalalisi kunye neZifo: UThintelo luBuchule
Iitumato zihlala zihlaselwa zizitshabalalisi ezifana neempukane ezimhlophe, iintwala kunye namanundu. Indlela yokuqala yokuzikhusela yeyomzimba—iminatha yezinambuzane nemigibe encangathi inceda ekuthinteleni izinambuzane ekungeneni kuzo.
Ulawulo lwebhayoloji lukhetho olulungele indalo noluzinzileyo. Izinambuzane eziluncedo ezifana ne-Encarsia formosa kunye ne-ladybugs zinceda ukugcina ibhalansi ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali.
Kwizifo ezifana nokungunda okungwevu kunye nentsholongwane kade, sebenzisa unyango olusekwe kwintsholongwane kwaye ujikelezise iikhemikhali ezinentsalela ephantsi ukunqanda ukuxhathisa.
4. Emva kokuvunwa: Ukugcina iitumato zintsha kwaye zilungile
Ixesha libalulekile. Vuna iitumato kwi-80-90% yokuvuthwa ukuze ufumane ukuqina kunye nencasa. Zikhethe kusasa okanye ngorhatya ukunqanda uxinzelelo lobushushu kunye nokulahleka kokufuma.
Ukupholisa kwangaphambili kubalulekile—ukwehlisa iqondo lobushushu liye kutsho kwi-10–12°C (50–54°F) ukucothisa ukukhula kweentsholongwane nokulibaziseka ukonakala. Ukuhlelwa kunye nokupakishwa ngokobukhulu kunye nombala kukhusela isiqhamo kwaye kwandisa umdla kwishelufu.
Ikhonkco elibandayo elilawulwa kakuhle ukusuka kwi-greenhouse ukuya kwimarike linokwandisa ubomi beshelufu ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezili-15, kukunceda ufikelele kwiimarike ezikude ngeetumato ezintsha, ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Khulisa Smart, Thengisa kude
Ukulima iitumato zegreenhouse kungaphezulu nje kokutyala imbewu. Udinga indibaniselwano eyiyo yofuzo, ulwakhiwo, ulawulo lwemozulu, kunye nokhathalelo lwasemva kokuvuna.
Nantsi ingxelo ekhawulezayo:
- Khetha iintlobo zeetumato ezikwaziyo ukumelana nezifo, ezinesivuno esikhulu
-Yila iindawo zokugcina izityalo ezongeza ukukhanya, ubushushu kunye nokufuma
- Sebenzisa iindlela ezihlakaniphile zokulawula izinambuzane ezinciphisa imichiza
- Bamba iitumato emva kokuvuna ngononophelo ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu
Nokuba ungumlimi othengisayo okanye uceba utyalo-mali efama entsha, ezi zicwangciso ziya kukunceda ukhule ngokukrelekrele-kwaye uthengise ngakumbi.
Ufuna uncedo ukuyila greenhouse yakho efanelekileyo okanye ukukhetha okulungileyoinkqubo ye-hydroponic? Zive ukhululekile ukufikelela kwisisombululo esiqhelekileyo!
Wamkelekile ukuba nengxoxo eyongezelelweyo nathi!
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-27-2025
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