Kutshanje, sifumene umyalezo ovela kumhlobo oseMntla Yurophu ebuza malunga nezinto ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekungaphumeleliyo xa kukhula iipepile eziswiti kwi-greenhouse.
Lo ngumba ontsonkothileyo, ngakumbi kwabo baqalayo kwezolimo. Ingcebiso yam kukuba ungangxameli kwimveliso yezolimo ngokukhawuleza. Kunoko, okokuqala, yenza iqela labalimi abanamava, uphonononge ngokucokisekileyo lonke ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nokulima, kwaye udibanise neengcali ezithembekileyo zobugcisa.
Ekulinyweni kwe-greenhouse, nakuphi na ukungahambi kakuhle kwinkqubo kunokuba nemiphumo engenakulungiseka. Nangona okusingqongileyo kunye nemozulu ngaphakathi kwi-greenhouse inokulawulwa ngesandla, oku kudla ngokufuna imali eninzi, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nabasebenzi. Ukuba ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, inokubangela iindleko zemveliso ezingaphaya kwamaxabiso emarike, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimveliso ezingathengiswanga kunye nelahleko yemali.
Isivuno sezityalo siphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi. Oku kubandakanya ukukhethwa kwezithole, iindlela zokulima, ulawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo, ukuthelekisa umxube wezondlo, nolawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo. Inyathelo ngalinye libalulekile kwaye linxibelelene. Ngolu kuqonda, sinokuphonononga ngcono indlela ukuhambelana kwenkqubo ye-greenhouse kunye nommandla wendawo kuchaphazela imveliso.
Xa ukhula i-pepper e-sweet kuMntla Yurophu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxila kwinkqubo yokukhanyisa. Iipepile eziswiti zizityalo ezithanda ukukhanya ezifuna ukukhanya okuphezulu, ngakumbi ngexesha leentyantyambo kunye nezigaba zeziqhamo. Ukukhanya okwaneleyo kukhuthaza iphotosynthesis, ephucula zombini isivuno kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zokukhanya kwendalo eMntla Yurophu, ngakumbi ngexesha lasebusika, zihlala zingahlangabezani neemfuno zepepper eswiti. Ukukhanya kwemini emifutshane kunye nokukhanya okuncinci ebusika kungacothisa ukukhula kwesweet pepper kwaye kuthintele ukukhula kweziqhamo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukukhanya obona kukhanya kwipepile eswiti kuphakathi kwe-15,000 kunye ne-20,000 lux ngosuku. Eli nqanaba lokukhanya liyimfuneko ekukhuleni okunempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lasebusika eMntla Yurophu, ukukhanya kwemini kudla ngokuba ziiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 kuphela, ezikude nokwanela iipepile. Xa kungekho ukukhanya kwendalo okwaneleyo, ukusebenzisa izibane ezongezelelweyo kuyimfuneko ukugcina ukukhula kweepepper ezimnandi.
Ngeminyaka engama-28 yamava kulwakhiwo lwegreenhouse, siye sanceda abalimi abali-1,200 begreenhouse kwaye sinobuchule kwiindidi ezingama-52 ezahlukeneyo zezityalo zegreenhouse. Xa kufikwa kwisibane esongezelelweyo, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo zizibane ze-LED kunye ne-HPS. Yomibini imithombo yokukhanya ineenzuzo zabo, kwaye ukhetho kufuneka lwenziwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile kunye neemeko ze-greenhouse.
| Iikhrayitheriya zokuthelekisa | I-LED (iDiode yokuKhanya) | I-HPS (Isibane soxinzelelo oluphezulu lweSodium) |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla | Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo ukonga amandla angama-30-50%. | Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu |
| Ubuchule bokukhanya | Ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukubonelela ngamaza amaza athile aluncedo ekukhuleni kwezityalo | Ukusebenza okuphakathi, ngokukodwa kunika i-red-orange spectrum |
| Isizukulwana sobushushu | Ukuveliswa kobushushu obuphantsi, kunciphisa imfuno yokupholisa kwe-greenhouse | Ukuveliswa kobushushu obuphezulu, kunokufuna ukupholisa okongeziweyo |
| Umsebenzi wobomi | Ubomi obude (ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-50,000+) | Ubomi obufutshane (malunga neeyure ezingama-10,000) |
| I-Spectrum Adjustability | I-spectrum ehlengahlengiswayo ukuze ihambelane nezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhula kwezityalo | I-spectrum ezinzileyo kuluhlu olubomvu-orenji |
| Utyalo-mali lokuqala | Utyalo-mali lokuqala oluphezulu | Utyalo-mali lokuqala olusezantsi |
| Iindleko zoLondolozo | Iindleko zokulondolozwa okuphantsi, ukutshintshwa okuncinci rhoqo | Iindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa, ukutshintshwa kwebhalbhu rhoqo |
| Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo | I-Eco-friendly ngaphandle kwezinto ezinobungozi | Iqulethe ixabiso elincinci le-mercury, lifuna ukulahlwa ngokucophelela |
| Ukufaneleka | Ifanelekile kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ezo zineemfuno ezikhethekileyo | Iyaguquguquka kodwa ilunge kakhulu kwizityalo ezifuna ukukhanya okukhethekileyo |
| Iimeko zeSicelo | Ifaneleke ngcono ukulima ngokuthe nkqo kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo ezinolawulo olungqongqo lokukhanya | Ifanelekile kwizindlu zokuhlala zemveli kunye nemveliso yezityalo ezinkulu |
Ngokusekelwe kumava ethu asebenzayo e-CFGET, siqokelele iimbono kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokutyala:
Izibane ze-High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) zilungele ukukhulisa iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Zinika ukukhanya okuphezulu kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wokukhanya obomvu, oluncedo ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kweziqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa. Ixabiso lokuqala lotyalo-mali liphantsi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibane ze-LED zikulungele kangcono ukulima iintyatyambo. I-spectrum yazo ehlengahlengiswayo, ukukhanya okulawulwayo, kunye nemveliso yobushushu obuphantsi inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhanya kweentyatyambo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhula. Nangona ixabiso lokuqala lotyalo-mali liphezulu, iindleko zexesha elide zokusebenza ziphantsi.
Ke ngoko, akukho nto ilungileyo yokukhetha; imalunga nokufumana eyona nto ifanele iimfuno zakho ezithile. Sijonge ukwabelana ngamava ethu nabalimi, sisebenza kunye ukuphonononga nokuqonda imisebenzi yenkqubo nganye. Oku kuquka ukuhlalutya imfuneko yenkqubo nganye kunye nokuqikelela iindleko zokusebenza kwixesha elizayo ukunceda abalimi benze olona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiimeko zabo.
Iinkonzo zethu zobungcali zigxininisa ukuba isigqibo sokugqibela kufuneka sisekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zesityalo, indawo ekhulayo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Ukuvavanya ngcono kunye nokuqonda ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kweenkqubo zokukhanyisa ezongezelelweyo ze-greenhouse, sibala inani lezibane ezifunekayo ngokusekelwe kwi-spectrum yokukhanya kunye namanqanaba e-lux, kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Le datha ibonelela ngembono ebanzi ukukunceda ufumane ukuqonda okucacileyo kweempawu zenkqubo.
Ndimeme isebe lethu lobuchwephesha ukuba libonise kwaye lixoxe ngeefomula zokubala, ngokukodwa "ekubaleni iimfuno zokukhanyisa ezongezelelweyo kwimithombo yokukhanya emibini eyahlukeneyo kwindawo yeglasi yeglasi eyi-3,000 yeemitha ezizikwemitha ezikuMntla Yurophu, kusetyenziswa ukulima ingxowa engaphantsi kokulima iipepile eziswiti":
UkuKhanya okoNgezelelweyo kwe-LED
1)Imfuno yoMbane wokukhanyisa:
1.Cinga imfuno yamandla ye-150-200 watts ngemitha yesikwere.
2.Imfuno yombane iyonke = Indawo (iimitha ezisikwere) × Imfuno yombane kwindawo nganye yeyunithi (watts/square meter)
3.Ukubalwa: 3,000 square metres × 150-200 watts/square meter = 450,000-600,000 watts
2)Inani lezibane:
1.Cinga ukuba ukukhanya kwe-LED nganye kunamandla angama-600 watts.
2.Inani lezibane = Amandla onke afunekayo ÷ Amandla kwisibane ngasinye
3.Ukubala: 450,000-600,000 watts ÷ 600 watts = 750-1,000 izibane
3) UkuSetyenziswa kwamandla ngeMihla:
1.Cinga ukuba ukukhanya kwe-LED nganye kusebenza kwiiyure ze-12 ngosuku.
2.Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke = Inani lezibane × Amandla ngokukhanya × Iiyure zokusebenza
3.Ukubalwa: 750-1,000 izibane × 600 watts × 12 iiyure = 5,400,000-7,200,000 watt-iiyure
4.Ukuguqulwa: 5,400-7,200 kilowatt-iiyure
UkuKhanya okoNgezelelweyo kwe-HPS
1)Imfuno yoMbane wokukhanyisa:
1.Cinga imfuno yamandla ye-400-600 watts ngemitha yesikwere.
2.Imfuno yombane iyonke = Indawo (iimitha ezisikwere) × Imfuno yombane kwindawo nganye yeyunithi (watts/square meter)
3.Ukubalwa: 3,000 square metres × 400-600 watts/square meter = 1,200,000-1,800,000 watts
2)Inani lezibane:
1.Cinga ukuba isibane ngasinye se-HPS sinamandla eewatts ezili-1,000.
2.Inani lezibane = Amandla onke afunekayo ÷ Amandla kwisibane ngasinye
3.Ukubalwa: 1,200,000-1,800,000 watts ÷ 1,000 watts = 1,200-1,800 izibane
3) UkuSetyenziswa kwamandla ngeMihla:
1.Cinga ukuba ukukhanya kwe-HPS nganye kusebenza iiyure ezili-12 ngosuku.
2.Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke = Inani lezibane × Amandla ngokukhanya × Iiyure zokusebenza
3.Ukubalwa: 1,200-1,800 izibane × 1,000 watts × 12 iiyure = 14,400,000-21,600,000 watt-iiyure
4.Ukuguqulwa: 14,400-21,600 kilowatt-iiyure
| Into | UkuKhanya okoNgezelelweyo kwe-LED | UkuKhanya okoNgezelelweyo kwe-HPS |
| Imfuneko yamandla okukhanyisa | 450,000-600,000 watts | 1,200,000-1,800,000 watts |
| Inani lezibane | 750-1,000 izibane | 1,200-1,800 izibane |
| UkuSetyenziswa kwamandla oMhla | 5,400-7,200 kilowatt-iiyure | 14,400-21,600 kilowatt-iiyure |
Ngale ndlela yokubala, sinethemba lokuba uya kufumana ukuqonda okucacileyo kwiinkalo ezingundoqo zokucwangciswa kwenkqubo ye-greenhouse-ezifana nokubala kwedatha kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula indalo-ukwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo.
Umbulelo okhethekileyo kumboneleli wethu wokukhanya ongezelelweyo wokukhula kwezityalo kwi-CFGET ngokubonelela ngeeparamitha eziyimfuneko kunye nedatha yokuqinisekisa ukuseta izibane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libonelela ngeembono ezinzulu kwizigaba zokuqala zokulinywa kwe-greenhouse kwaye linceda ukukhuthaza ukuqonda okunamandla njengoko siqhubela phambili kunye. Ndijonge phambili ekusebenzisaneni nawe kwixesha elizayo, sisebenzisana ngesandla ukudala ixabiso elingakumbi.
NdinguCoraline. Ukusukela ekuqaleni koo-1990, iCFGET imiliselwe ngokunzulu kushishino lwegreenhouse. Ubunyani, ukunyaniseka, kunye nokuzinikela zizinto ezixabisekileyo eziqhuba inkampani yethu. Sizama ukukhula kunye nabalimi bethu, ngokuqhubekayo sivelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye siphucula iinkonzo zethu ukuze sinikezele ngezona zisombululo zegreenhouse.
Kwi-Chengfei Greenhouse, asikho nje abavelisi be-greenhouse; singamaqabane akho. Ukusuka kwiingcebiso ezineenkcukacha kumanqanaba ocwangciso ukuya kwinkxaso ebanzi kulo lonke uhambo lwakho, simi nawe, sijongene nawo wonke umngeni kunye. Sikholelwa ukuba kuphela ngentsebenziswano enyanisekileyo kunye nomzamo oqhubekayo sinokufikelela kwimpumelelo ehlala ixesha elide kunye.
-- Coraline, CFGET CEOUmbhali wokuqala: Coraline
Isaziso selungelo lokushicilela: Eli nqaku lokuqala linelungelo lokushicilela. Nceda ufumane imvume ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uthumele.
#GreenhouseFarming
#Ukulima kwePepper
#Izibane zeLED
#HPSLlighting
#GreenhouseTechnology
#EuropeanAgriculture
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-12-2024
