Ukulima kwetamatato kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kuye kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezolimo zanamhlanje. Ngeemo engqongileyo ezilawulekayo ezikhulayo, ivumela amafama ukuba akhulise imveliso. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, abalimi abaninzi ngoku banomdla wokwandisa izivuno zabo zetamatato. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga izinto ezichaphazela izivuno zetamatato, thelekisa izivuno phantsi kwetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo ze-greenhouse, sixoxe ngeendlela zokunyusa izivuno, kwaye sivavanye izivuno zomndilili wehlabathi.
Izinto ezichaphazela iSivuno seTomato kwiiPolyhouses
1. Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo
Ubushushu, ukufuma, kunye namanqanaba okukhanya zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ngqo ukukhula kwetamatato. Elona qondo lobushushu lifanelekileyo kwizityalo zetumato lidla ngokuba phakathi kwe22°C kunye ne28°C (72°F ukuya kuma-82°F). Ukugcina amaqondo obushushu ebusuku ngaphezu kwe-15°C (59°F) kukhuthaza iphotosynthesis esebenzayo kunye nokukhula.
Kwindawo yokulima itumata, amafama aphumeze iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo ezibavumela ukuba bahlengahlengise ubushushu kunye nokufuma ngexesha lokwenyani. Ngokugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo kuwo wonke umjikelo wokukhula, baye bafumana izivuno ezifikelela kuma-40,000 eeponti ngehektare nganye.
2. ULawulo lwaManzi neSondlo
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwamanzi kunye nezondlo lubalulekile ekwandiseni isivuno. Amanzi agqithisileyo kunye nanganelanga okanye izondlo zingakhokelela ekuhluphekeniIngakanani Imveliso onokuyivelisa kwiGreenhouse Tomato ngeAcre nganye?
ukukhula kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wezifo. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi kwenza ulawulo oluchanekileyo lonikezelo lwamanzi, ngelixa izisombululo zezondlo ezidibeneyo ziqinisekisa ukutya okulinganayo kwezityalo.
Kwi-greenhouse ehlakaniphile kwaSirayeli, abenzi boluvo bajonga ukufuma komhlaba kunye namanqanaba ezondlo ngexesha lokwenyani. Isixokelelwano sitshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo iishedyuli zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeetumato kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhula, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kwesivuno ngaphezu kwe-30%.
3. Ulawulo Lwezinambuzane Nezifo
Imiba yezinambuzane kunye nezifo inokuchaphazela kakhulu izivuno zetamatato. Ukuphumeza izicwangciso zokulawula ezisebenzayo, ezifana nolawulo lwebhayoloji kunye nolwakhiwo, kunciphisa imfuno yezitshabalalisi zemichiza. Ngokuzisa izinambuzane eziluncedo kunye nokusebenzisa imigibe, abalimi banokulawula ngokufanelekileyo izitshabalalisi kunye nokunciphisa iziganeko zezifo.
Kwindlu eluhlaza yaseDatshi, ukukhutshwa kwezinambuzane ezizingelayo kuye kwalawula ngempumelelo inani lentwala, ngelixa imigibe encangathi emthubi iye yanceda ekufumaneni unyango lwezitshabalalisi ezingenazinambuzane. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iitumato eziveliswayo zikhuselekile kwaye zikhuphisana kwimarike.
4. Ukuxinana kweZityalo
Ukugcina ukuxinana kokutyala okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezityalo. Isithuba esifanelekileyo siqinisekisa ukuba isityalo ngasinye setumata sifumana ukukhanya okwaneleyo kunye nezondlo. Uxinaniso olucetyiswayo lokutyala lukholisa ukuba phakathi kwezityalo ezingama-2,500 ukuya kuma-3,000 ngehektare nganye. Ukuxinana kunokukhokelela kwi-shading kwaye kuthintele i-photosynthesis.
Kwintsebenziswano ekhethekileyo ye-tomato, ukuphunyezwa koxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lokutyala kunye nobuchule bokudibanisa izityalo kuvumela ukuba isityalo ngasinye sifumane ukukhanya okwaneleyo, okukhokelela kwisivuno esiphezulu se-50,000 pounds ngehektare nganye.
Ukuthelekisa Izivuno zeTomato Ngaphantsi kweeTekhnoloji zePolyhouse ezahlukeneyo
1. IiNdawo zokuHlala zeNdalo
Iindawo zokugcina izityalo zesintu ezenziwe ngeglasi okanye iplastiki zivelisa phakathi kwama-20,000 kunye nama-30,000 eeponti zeetumato ngehektare nganye. Izivuno zabo zichatshazelwa kakhulu yimozulu kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuguquguqukeni okukhulu.
Kwindlu yokukhulisela izityalo yemveli kumazantsi eTshayina, amafama ayakwazi ukuzinzisa isivuno sawo malunga neeponti ezingama-25,000 ngehektare nganye ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemozulu, imveliso inokwahluka kakhulu.
2. Ii-Greenhouses ezihlakaniphile
Ngokungeniswa kweenkqubo ezizenzekelayo kunye nokulawula, ii-greenhouses ezihlakaniphile zinokufikelela kwisivuno phakathi kwe-40,000 kunye ne-60,000 yeepounds ngehektare. Iisistim zolawulo ezisebenzayo ezihlangeneyo zandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo.
Kwi-high-tech greenhouse kuMbindi Mpuma, ukusetyenziswa kokunkcenkceshela ngobuchule kunye nobuchwepheshe bokulawulwa kwendalo kwenze ukuba izivuno zifikelele kwi-55,000 yeepounds ngehektare nganye, ukuphucula kakhulu imveliso kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho.
3. Ii-Greenhouses ezithe nkqo
Kwiindawo ezixineneyo emathubeni, iindlela zokulima ezithe nkqo zinokukhokelela kwisivuno esingaphezulu kwama-70,000 eeponti ngehektare nganye. Uyilo lwenzululwazi kunye nokutyalwa kweeleya ezininzi kwandisa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo.
Ifama ethe nkqo ekwiziko lasedolophini izuze isivuno sonyaka esingama-90,000 eeponti ngehektare nganye, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeetumato ezintsha zentengiso yengingqi.
Indlela yokunyusa isivuno seTomato kwiiPolyhouses
1. Ukwandisa uLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo
Ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-smart greenhouse ivumela ukujonga ixesha lokwenyani kunye nohlengahlengiso lobushushu kunye nokufuma, ukudala eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokukhula.
2. Unkcenkceshelo oluchanekileyo kunye nokuQinisa
Ukusebenzisa iisistim zokunkcenkceshela kunye nezisombululo zezondlo ezilungelelaniswe nezona mfuno zezityalo kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibonelelo.
3. Khetha Iindidi eziPhezulu
Ukukhula kwesivuno esikhulu, iintlobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nezifo ezilungele iimeko zemozulu yalapha ekhaya kunye neemfuno zemarike kunokwandisa isivuno sisonke.
4. Ukusebenzisa uLawulo oluDibeneyo lweZitshabalalisi
Ukudibanisa iindlela zebhayoloji kunye neekhemikhali zokulawula ngokufanelekileyo izitshabalalisi kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo kwizityalo.
5. Ziqhelanise nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo
Ukusebenzisa ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo kunokunciphisa izifo zomhlaba kunye nokugcina impilo yomhlaba, okukhokelela ekuphuculweni kwezivuno ekulimeni okulandelayo.
Izivuno zoMndilili weHlabathi
Ngokwedatha evela kwi-FAO kunye namasebe ahlukeneyo ezolimo, isivuno esiphakathi kwehlabathi kwi-tomato ye-greenhouse iphakathi kwe-25,000 kunye ne-30,000 yeepounds ngehektare nganye. Nangona kunjalo, eli nani lihluka kakhulu ngokusekwe kwimozulu, ubuchule bokulima, kunye neendlela zolawulo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Kwizizwe ezihambele phambili kwezobuchwephesha, ezifana ne-Netherlands kunye ne-Israel, izivuno ze-tomato zinokufikelela kuma-80,000 eeponti ngehektare nganye.
Ngokuthelekisa izivuno ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele, ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe kunye nezenzo zokulawula ekwandiseni imveliso yeetamatato kubonakala.
Wamkelekile ukuba nengxoxo engaphaya kunye nathi!
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-30-2025
Cofa ukuze uxoxe